use indexmap::IndexMap;
use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
use anyhow::{anyhow, Result};

use super::category::{Category, CategoryId};
use super::cell::{CellKey, CellValue, DataStore};
use crate::formula::Formula;
use crate::view::View;

const MAX_CATEGORIES: usize = 12;

#[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize)]
pub struct Model {
    pub name: String,
    pub categories: IndexMap<String, Category>,
    pub data: DataStore,
    pub formulas: Vec<Formula>,
    pub views: IndexMap<String, View>,
    pub active_view: String,
    next_category_id: CategoryId,
}

impl Model {
    pub fn new(name: impl Into<String>) -> Self {
        let name = name.into();
        let default_view = View::new("Default");
        let mut views = IndexMap::new();
        views.insert("Default".to_string(), default_view);
        Self {
            name,
            categories: IndexMap::new(),
            data: DataStore::new(),
            formulas: Vec::new(),
            views,
            active_view: "Default".to_string(),
            next_category_id: 0,
        }
    }

    pub fn add_category(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> Result<CategoryId> {
        let name = name.into();
        if self.categories.len() >= MAX_CATEGORIES {
            return Err(anyhow!("Maximum of {MAX_CATEGORIES} categories reached"));
        }
        if self.categories.contains_key(&name) {
            return Ok(self.categories[&name].id);
        }
        let id = self.next_category_id;
        self.next_category_id += 1;
        self.categories.insert(name.clone(), Category::new(id, name.clone()));
        // Add to all views
        for view in self.views.values_mut() {
            view.on_category_added(&name);
        }
        Ok(id)
    }

    pub fn category_mut(&mut self, name: &str) -> Option<&mut Category> {
        self.categories.get_mut(name)
    }

    pub fn category(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&Category> {
        self.categories.get(name)
    }

    pub fn set_cell(&mut self, key: CellKey, value: CellValue) {
        self.data.set(key, value);
    }

    pub fn get_cell(&self, key: &CellKey) -> &CellValue {
        self.data.get(key)
    }

    pub fn add_formula(&mut self, formula: Formula) {
        // Replace if same target
        if let Some(pos) = self.formulas.iter().position(|f| f.target == formula.target) {
            self.formulas[pos] = formula;
        } else {
            self.formulas.push(formula);
        }
    }

    pub fn remove_formula(&mut self, target: &str) {
        self.formulas.retain(|f| f.target != target);
    }

    pub fn active_view(&self) -> Option<&View> {
        self.views.get(&self.active_view)
    }

    pub fn active_view_mut(&mut self) -> Option<&mut View> {
        self.views.get_mut(&self.active_view)
    }

    pub fn create_view(&mut self, name: impl Into<String>) -> &mut View {
        let name = name.into();
        let mut view = View::new(name.clone());
        // Copy category assignments from default if any
        for cat_name in self.categories.keys() {
            view.on_category_added(cat_name);
        }
        self.views.insert(name.clone(), view);
        self.views.get_mut(&name).unwrap()
    }

    pub fn switch_view(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
        if self.views.contains_key(name) {
            self.active_view = name.to_string();
            Ok(())
        } else {
            Err(anyhow!("View '{name}' not found"))
        }
    }

    pub fn delete_view(&mut self, name: &str) -> Result<()> {
        if self.views.len() <= 1 {
            return Err(anyhow!("Cannot delete the last view"));
        }
        self.views.shift_remove(name);
        if self.active_view == name {
            self.active_view = self.views.keys().next().unwrap().clone();
        }
        Ok(())
    }

    /// Return all category names
    pub fn category_names(&self) -> Vec<&str> {
        self.categories.keys().map(|s| s.as_str()).collect()
    }

    /// Evaluate a computed value at a given key, considering formulas
    pub fn evaluate(&self, key: &CellKey) -> CellValue {
        // Check if the last category dimension in the key corresponds to a formula target
        for formula in &self.formulas {
            if let Some(item_val) = key.get(&formula.target_category) {
                if item_val == formula.target {
                    return self.eval_formula(formula, key);
                }
            }
        }
        self.data.get(key).clone()
    }

    fn eval_formula(&self, formula: &Formula, context: &CellKey) -> CellValue {
        use crate::formula::{Expr, AggFunc};

        // Check WHERE filter first
        if let Some(filter) = &formula.filter {
            if let Some(item_val) = context.get(&filter.category) {
                if item_val != filter.item.as_str() {
                    return self.data.get(context).clone();
                }
            }
        }

        fn find_item_category<'a>(model: &'a Model, item_name: &str) -> Option<&'a str> {
            for (cat_name, cat) in &model.categories {
                if cat.items.contains_key(item_name) {
                    return Some(cat_name.as_str());
                }
            }
            None
        }

        fn eval_expr(
            expr: &Expr,
            context: &CellKey,
            model: &Model,
            target_category: &str,
        ) -> Option<f64> {
            match expr {
                Expr::Number(n) => Some(*n),
                Expr::Ref(name) => {
                    let cat = find_item_category(model, name)?;
                    let new_key = context.clone().with(cat, name);
                    model.evaluate(&new_key).as_f64()
                }
                Expr::BinOp(op, l, r) => {
                    let lv = eval_expr(l, context, model, target_category)?;
                    let rv = eval_expr(r, context, model, target_category)?;
                    Some(match op.as_str() {
                        "+" => lv + rv,
                        "-" => lv - rv,
                        "*" => lv * rv,
                        "/" => if rv == 0.0 { 0.0 } else { lv / rv },
                        "^" => lv.powf(rv),
                        _ => return None,
                    })
                }
                Expr::UnaryMinus(e) => Some(-eval_expr(e, context, model, target_category)?),
                Expr::Agg(func, _inner, _filter) => {
                    let partial = context.without(target_category);
                    let values: Vec<f64> = model.data.matching_cells(&partial.0)
                        .into_iter()
                        .filter_map(|(_, v)| v.as_f64())
                        .collect();
                    match func {
                        AggFunc::Sum => Some(values.iter().sum()),
                        AggFunc::Avg => {
                            if values.is_empty() { None }
                            else { Some(values.iter().sum::<f64>() / values.len() as f64) }
                        }
                        AggFunc::Min => values.iter().cloned().reduce(f64::min),
                        AggFunc::Max => values.iter().cloned().reduce(f64::max),
                        AggFunc::Count => Some(values.len() as f64),
                    }
                }
                Expr::If(cond, then, else_) => {
                    let cv = eval_bool(cond, context, model, target_category)?;
                    if cv {
                        eval_expr(then, context, model, target_category)
                    } else {
                        eval_expr(else_, context, model, target_category)
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        fn eval_bool(
            expr: &Expr,
            context: &CellKey,
            model: &Model,
            target_category: &str,
        ) -> Option<bool> {
            match expr {
                Expr::BinOp(op, l, r) => {
                    let lv = eval_expr(l, context, model, target_category)?;
                    let rv = eval_expr(r, context, model, target_category)?;
                    Some(match op.as_str() {
                        "=" | "==" => (lv - rv).abs() < 1e-10,
                        "!=" => (lv - rv).abs() >= 1e-10,
                        "<" => lv < rv,
                        ">" => lv > rv,
                        "<=" => lv <= rv,
                        ">=" => lv >= rv,
                        _ => return None,
                    })
                }
                _ => None,
            }
        }

        match eval_expr(&formula.expr, context, self, &formula.target_category) {
            Some(n) => CellValue::Number(n),
            None => CellValue::Empty,
        }
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod model_tests {
    use super::Model;
    use crate::model::cell::{CellKey, CellValue};
    use crate::view::Axis;

    fn coord(pairs: &[(&str, &str)]) -> CellKey {
        CellKey::new(pairs.iter().map(|(c, i)| (c.to_string(), i.to_string())).collect())
    }

    #[test]
    fn new_model_has_default_view() {
        let m = Model::new("Test");
        assert!(m.active_view().is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_category_creates_entry() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        assert!(m.category("Region").is_some());
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_category_duplicate_is_idempotent() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        let id1 = m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        let id2 = m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(id1, id2);
        assert_eq!(m.categories.len(), 1);
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_category_max_limit() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        for i in 0..12 { m.add_category(format!("Cat{i}")).unwrap(); }
        assert!(m.add_category("TooMany").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_category_notifies_existing_views() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        assert_ne!(m.active_view().unwrap().axis_of("Region"), Axis::Unassigned);
    }

    #[test]
    fn set_and_get_cell_roundtrip() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        let k = coord(&[("Region", "East"), ("Measure", "Revenue")]);
        m.set_cell(k.clone(), CellValue::Number(500.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k), &CellValue::Number(500.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn get_unset_cell_returns_empty() {
        let m = Model::new("Test");
        let k = coord(&[("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k), &CellValue::Empty);
    }

    #[test]
    fn overwrite_cell() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        let k = coord(&[("Region", "East")]);
        m.set_cell(k.clone(), CellValue::Number(1.0));
        m.set_cell(k.clone(), CellValue::Number(2.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k), &CellValue::Number(2.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn three_category_model_independent_cells() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Product").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        let k1 = coord(&[("Region", "East"),  ("Product", "Shirts"), ("Measure", "Revenue")]);
        let k2 = coord(&[("Region", "West"),  ("Product", "Shirts"), ("Measure", "Revenue")]);
        let k3 = coord(&[("Region", "East"),  ("Product", "Pants"),  ("Measure", "Revenue")]);
        let k4 = coord(&[("Region", "East"),  ("Product", "Shirts"), ("Measure", "Cost")]);
        m.set_cell(k1.clone(), CellValue::Number(100.0));
        m.set_cell(k2.clone(), CellValue::Number(200.0));
        m.set_cell(k3.clone(), CellValue::Number(300.0));
        m.set_cell(k4.clone(), CellValue::Number(40.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k1), &CellValue::Number(100.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k2), &CellValue::Number(200.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k3), &CellValue::Number(300.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k4), &CellValue::Number(40.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn create_view_copies_category_structure() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Product").unwrap();
        m.create_view("Secondary");
        let v = m.views.get("Secondary").unwrap();
        assert_ne!(v.axis_of("Region"),  Axis::Unassigned);
        assert_ne!(v.axis_of("Product"), Axis::Unassigned);
    }

    #[test]
    fn switch_view_changes_active_view() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.create_view("Other");
        m.switch_view("Other").unwrap();
        assert_eq!(m.active_view, "Other");
    }

    #[test]
    fn switch_view_unknown_returns_error() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        assert!(m.switch_view("NoSuchView").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn delete_view_removes_it() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.create_view("Extra");
        m.delete_view("Extra").unwrap();
        assert!(!m.views.contains_key("Extra"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn delete_last_view_returns_error() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        assert!(m.delete_view("Default").is_err());
    }

    #[test]
    fn delete_active_view_switches_to_another() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.create_view("Other");
        m.switch_view("Other").unwrap();
        m.delete_view("Other").unwrap();
        assert_ne!(m.active_view, "Other");
    }

    #[test]
    fn first_category_goes_to_row_second_to_column_rest_to_page() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Product").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Time").unwrap();
        let v = m.active_view().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Region"),  Axis::Row);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Product"), Axis::Column);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Time"),    Axis::Page);
    }

    #[test]
    fn data_is_shared_across_views() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.create_view("Second");
        let k = coord(&[("Region", "East")]);
        m.set_cell(k.clone(), CellValue::Number(77.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&k), &CellValue::Number(77.0));
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod formula_tests {
    use super::Model;
    use crate::model::cell::{CellKey, CellValue};
    use crate::formula::parse_formula;

    fn coord(pairs: &[(&str, &str)]) -> CellKey {
        CellKey::new(pairs.iter().map(|(c, i)| (c.to_string(), i.to_string())).collect())
    }

    fn approx_eq(a: f64, b: f64) -> bool { (a - b).abs() < 1e-9 }

    fn revenue_cost_model() -> Model {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("Revenue");
            cat.add_item("Cost");
            cat.add_item("Profit");
        }
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Region") {
            cat.add_item("East");
            cat.add_item("West");
        }
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Revenue"), ("Region", "East")]), CellValue::Number(1000.0));
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Cost"),    ("Region", "East")]), CellValue::Number(600.0));
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Revenue"), ("Region", "West")]), CellValue::Number(800.0));
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Cost"),    ("Region", "West")]), CellValue::Number(500.0));
        m
    }

    #[test]
    fn profit_equals_revenue_minus_cost() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        let k = coord(&[("Measure", "Profit"), ("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&k), CellValue::Number(400.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_evaluates_per_region() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        let east = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Profit"), ("Region", "East")]));
        let west = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Profit"), ("Region", "West")]));
        assert_eq!(east, CellValue::Number(400.0));
        assert_eq!(west, CellValue::Number(300.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_multiplication() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Tax = Revenue * 0.1", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("Tax"); }
        let val = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Tax"), ("Region", "East")])).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx_eq(val, 100.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_division() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Margin = Profit / Revenue", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("Profit");
            cat.add_item("Margin");
        }
        let val = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Margin"), ("Region", "East")])).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx_eq(val, 0.4));
    }

    #[test]
    fn division_by_zero_yields_zero() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("Revenue");
            cat.add_item("Zero");
            cat.add_item("Result");
        }
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Revenue"), ("Region", "East")]), CellValue::Number(100.0));
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Zero"),    ("Region", "East")]), CellValue::Number(0.0));
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Result = Revenue / Zero", "Measure").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Result"), ("Region", "East")])), CellValue::Number(0.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn unary_minus() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("NegRevenue = -Revenue", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("NegRevenue"); }
        let k = coord(&[("Measure", "NegRevenue"), ("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&k), CellValue::Number(-1000.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn power_operator() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("Base");
            cat.add_item("Squared");
        }
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Base")]), CellValue::Number(4.0));
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Squared = Base ^ 2", "Measure").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Squared")])), CellValue::Number(16.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_with_missing_ref_returns_empty() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Ghost = NoSuchField - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("Ghost"); }
        let k = coord(&[("Measure", "Ghost"), ("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&k), CellValue::Empty);
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_where_applied_to_matching_region() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("EastOnly = Revenue WHERE Region = \"East\"", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("EastOnly"); }
        let val = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "EastOnly"), ("Region", "East")])).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx_eq(val, 1000.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn formula_where_not_applied_to_non_matching_region() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("EastOnly = Revenue WHERE Region = \"East\"", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("EastOnly"); }
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "EastOnly"), ("Region", "West")])), CellValue::Empty);
    }

    #[test]
    fn add_formula_replaces_same_target() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost - 100", "Measure").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(m.formulas.len(), 1);
        let k = coord(&[("Measure", "Profit"), ("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&k), CellValue::Number(300.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn remove_formula() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost", "Measure").unwrap());
        m.remove_formula("Profit");
        assert!(m.formulas.is_empty());
        let k = coord(&[("Measure", "Profit"), ("Region", "East")]);
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&k), CellValue::Empty);
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_aggregation_across_region() {
        let mut m = revenue_cost_model();
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Total = SUM(Revenue)", "Measure").unwrap());
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") { cat.add_item("Total"); }
        let val = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Total"), ("Region", "East")])).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(val > 0.0, "SUM should be positive, got {val}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn count_aggregation() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        m.add_category("Region").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("Sales");
            cat.add_item("Count");
        }
        for region in ["East", "West", "North"] {
            m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "Sales"), ("Region", region)]), CellValue::Number(100.0));
        }
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Count = COUNT(Sales)", "Measure").unwrap());
        let val = m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Count"), ("Region", "East")])).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(val >= 1.0);
    }

    #[test]
    fn if_true_branch() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("X");
            cat.add_item("Result");
        }
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "X")]), CellValue::Number(10.0));
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Result = IF(X > 5, 1, 0)", "Measure").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Result")])), CellValue::Number(1.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn if_false_branch() {
        let mut m = Model::new("Test");
        m.add_category("Measure").unwrap();
        if let Some(cat) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            cat.add_item("X");
            cat.add_item("Result");
        }
        m.set_cell(coord(&[("Measure", "X")]), CellValue::Number(3.0));
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Result = IF(X > 5, 1, 0)", "Measure").unwrap());
        assert_eq!(m.evaluate(&coord(&[("Measure", "Result")])), CellValue::Number(0.0));
    }
}

#[cfg(test)]
mod five_category {
    use super::Model;
    use crate::model::cell::{CellKey, CellValue};
    use crate::formula::parse_formula;
    use crate::view::Axis;

    const DATA: &[(&str, &str, &str, &str, f64, f64)] = &[
        ("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", 1_000.0,  600.0),
        ("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q2", 1_200.0,  700.0),
        ("East", "Shirts", "Retail", "Q1",   800.0,  500.0),
        ("East", "Shirts", "Retail", "Q2",   900.0,  540.0),
        ("East", "Pants",  "Online", "Q1",   500.0,  300.0),
        ("East", "Pants",  "Online", "Q2",   600.0,  360.0),
        ("East", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q1",   400.0,  240.0),
        ("East", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q2",   450.0,  270.0),
        ("West", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1",   700.0,  420.0),
        ("West", "Shirts", "Online", "Q2",   750.0,  450.0),
        ("West", "Shirts", "Retail", "Q1",   600.0,  360.0),
        ("West", "Shirts", "Retail", "Q2",   650.0,  390.0),
        ("West", "Pants",  "Online", "Q1",   300.0,  180.0),
        ("West", "Pants",  "Online", "Q2",   350.0,  210.0),
        ("West", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q1",   250.0,  150.0),
        ("West", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q2",   280.0,  168.0),
    ];

    fn coord(region: &str, product: &str, channel: &str, time: &str, measure: &str) -> CellKey {
        CellKey::new(vec![
            ("Channel".to_string(), channel.to_string()),
            ("Measure".to_string(), measure.to_string()),
            ("Product".to_string(), product.to_string()),
            ("Region".to_string(),  region.to_string()),
            ("Time".to_string(),    time.to_string()),
        ])
    }

    fn build_model() -> Model {
        let mut m = Model::new("Sales");
        for cat in ["Region", "Product", "Channel", "Time", "Measure"] {
            m.add_category(cat).unwrap();
        }
        for cat in ["Region", "Product", "Channel", "Time"] {
            let items: &[&str] = match cat {
                "Region"  => &["East", "West"],
                "Product" => &["Shirts", "Pants"],
                "Channel" => &["Online", "Retail"],
                "Time"    => &["Q1", "Q2"],
                _         => &[],
            };
            if let Some(c) = m.category_mut(cat) {
                for &item in items { c.add_item(item); }
            }
        }
        if let Some(c) = m.category_mut("Measure") {
            for &item in &["Revenue", "Cost", "Profit", "Margin", "Total"] {
                c.add_item(item);
            }
        }
        for &(region, product, channel, time, rev, cost) in DATA {
            m.set_cell(coord(region, product, channel, time, "Revenue"), CellValue::Number(rev));
            m.set_cell(coord(region, product, channel, time, "Cost"),    CellValue::Number(cost));
        }
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Profit = Revenue - Cost",   "Measure").unwrap());
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Margin = Profit / Revenue", "Measure").unwrap());
        m.add_formula(parse_formula("Total  = SUM(Revenue)",     "Measure").unwrap());
        m
    }

    fn approx(a: f64, b: f64) -> bool { (a - b).abs() < 1e-9 }

    #[test]
    fn all_sixteen_revenue_cells_stored() {
        let m = build_model();
        let count = DATA.iter()
            .filter(|&&(r, p, c, t, _, _)| !m.get_cell(&coord(r, p, c, t, "Revenue")).is_empty())
            .count();
        assert_eq!(count, 16);
    }

    #[test]
    fn all_sixteen_cost_cells_stored() {
        let m = build_model();
        let count = DATA.iter()
            .filter(|&&(r, p, c, t, _, _)| !m.get_cell(&coord(r, p, c, t, "Cost")).is_empty())
            .count();
        assert_eq!(count, 16);
    }

    #[test]
    fn spot_check_raw_revenue() {
        let m = build_model();
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Revenue")), &CellValue::Number(1_000.0));
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&coord("West", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q2", "Revenue")), &CellValue::Number(280.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn distinct_cells_do_not_alias() {
        let m = build_model();
        let a = m.get_cell(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Revenue")).clone();
        let b = m.get_cell(&coord("West", "Pants",  "Retail", "Q2", "Revenue")).clone();
        assert_ne!(a, b);
    }

    #[test]
    fn profit_formula_correct_at_every_intersection() {
        let m = build_model();
        for &(region, product, channel, time, rev, cost) in DATA {
            let expected = rev - cost;
            let actual = m.evaluate(&coord(region, product, channel, time, "Profit"))
                          .as_f64()
                          .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Profit empty at {region}/{product}/{channel}/{time}"));
            assert!(approx(actual, expected),
                "Profit at {region}/{product}/{channel}/{time}: expected {expected}, got {actual}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn margin_formula_correct_at_every_intersection() {
        let m = build_model();
        for &(region, product, channel, time, rev, cost) in DATA {
            let expected = (rev - cost) / rev;
            let actual = m.evaluate(&coord(region, product, channel, time, "Margin"))
                          .as_f64()
                          .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Margin empty at {region}/{product}/{channel}/{time}"));
            assert!(approx(actual, expected),
                "Margin at {region}/{product}/{channel}/{time}: expected {expected:.4}, got {actual:.4}");
        }
    }

    #[test]
    fn chained_formula_profit_feeds_margin() {
        let m = build_model();
        let margin = m.evaluate(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Margin")).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx(margin, 0.4), "expected 0.4, got {margin}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn update_revenue_updates_profit_and_margin() {
        let mut m = build_model();
        m.set_cell(coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Revenue"), CellValue::Number(1_500.0));
        let profit = m.evaluate(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Profit")).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx(profit, 900.0), "expected 900, got {profit}");
        let margin = m.evaluate(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Margin")).as_f64().unwrap();
        assert!(approx(margin, 0.6), "expected 0.6, got {margin}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_revenue_for_east_region() {
        let m = build_model();
        let partial = vec![
            ("Measure".to_string(), "Revenue".to_string()),
            ("Region".to_string(),  "East".to_string()),
        ];
        let total = m.data.sum_matching(&partial);
        let expected: f64 = DATA.iter().filter(|&&(r, _, _, _, _, _)| r == "East").map(|&(_, _, _, _, rev, _)| rev).sum();
        assert!(approx(total, expected), "expected {expected}, got {total}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_revenue_for_online_channel() {
        let m = build_model();
        let partial = vec![
            ("Channel".to_string(), "Online".to_string()),
            ("Measure".to_string(), "Revenue".to_string()),
        ];
        let total = m.data.sum_matching(&partial);
        let expected: f64 = DATA.iter().filter(|&&(_, _, ch, _, _, _)| ch == "Online").map(|&(_, _, _, _, rev, _)| rev).sum();
        assert!(approx(total, expected), "expected {expected}, got {total}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_revenue_for_shirts_q1() {
        let m = build_model();
        let partial = vec![
            ("Measure".to_string(), "Revenue".to_string()),
            ("Product".to_string(), "Shirts".to_string()),
            ("Time".to_string(),    "Q1".to_string()),
        ];
        let total = m.data.sum_matching(&partial);
        let expected: f64 = DATA.iter().filter(|&&(_, p, _, t, _, _)| p == "Shirts" && t == "Q1").map(|&(_, _, _, _, rev, _)| rev).sum();
        assert!(approx(total, expected), "expected {expected}, got {total}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn sum_all_revenue_equals_grand_total() {
        let m = build_model();
        let partial = vec![("Measure".to_string(), "Revenue".to_string())];
        let total = m.data.sum_matching(&partial);
        let expected: f64 = DATA.iter().map(|&(_, _, _, _, rev, _)| rev).sum();
        assert!(approx(total, expected), "expected {expected}, got {total}");
    }

    #[test]
    fn default_view_first_two_on_axes_rest_on_page() {
        let m = build_model();
        let v = m.active_view().unwrap();
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Region"),  Axis::Row);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Product"), Axis::Column);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Channel"), Axis::Page);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Time"),    Axis::Page);
        assert_eq!(v.axis_of("Measure"), Axis::Page);
    }

    #[test]
    fn rearranging_axes_does_not_affect_data() {
        let mut m = build_model();
        if let Some(v) = m.active_view_mut() {
            v.set_axis("Region",  Axis::Page);
            v.set_axis("Product", Axis::Page);
            v.set_axis("Channel", Axis::Row);
            v.set_axis("Time",    Axis::Column);
            v.set_axis("Measure", Axis::Page);
        }
        assert_eq!(m.get_cell(&coord("East", "Shirts", "Online", "Q1", "Revenue")), &CellValue::Number(1_000.0));
    }

    #[test]
    fn two_views_have_independent_axis_assignments() {
        let mut m = build_model();
        m.create_view("Pivot");
        if let Some(v) = m.views.get_mut("Pivot") {
            v.set_axis("Time",    Axis::Row);
            v.set_axis("Channel", Axis::Column);
            v.set_axis("Region",  Axis::Page);
            v.set_axis("Product", Axis::Page);
            v.set_axis("Measure", Axis::Page);
        }
        assert_eq!(m.views.get("Default").unwrap().axis_of("Region"), Axis::Row);
        assert_eq!(m.views.get("Pivot").unwrap().axis_of("Time"),    Axis::Row);
        assert_eq!(m.views.get("Pivot").unwrap().axis_of("Channel"), Axis::Column);
    }

    #[test]
    fn page_selections_are_per_view() {
        let mut m = build_model();
        m.create_view("West only");
        if let Some(v) = m.views.get_mut("West only") {
            v.set_page_selection("Region", "West");
        }
        assert_eq!(m.views.get("Default").unwrap().page_selection("Region"), None);
        assert_eq!(m.views.get("West only").unwrap().page_selection("Region"), Some("West"));
    }

    #[test]
    fn five_categories_well_within_limit() {
        let m = build_model();
        assert_eq!(m.categories.len(), 5);
        let mut m2 = build_model();
        for i in 0..7 { m2.add_category(format!("Extra{i}")).unwrap(); }
        assert_eq!(m2.categories.len(), 12);
        assert!(m2.add_category("OneMore").is_err());
    }
}